Merely ‘Docile Self-Deception’? German Experiences with Nuclear Consultation in NATO

ABSTRACT

Recent nuclear-weapons-related consultation in NATO within the framework of the Defence and Deterrence Posture Review sheds light on historical experiences with nuclear consultation in NATO. In the early years of the Nuclear Planning Group (NPG), which became the main forum for multilateral nuclear consultation in the alliance, developing a nuclear weapons first use doctrine was of particular importance. This process led to the adoption of the Provisional Political Guidelines (PPGs) on the threat to initiate the use of nuclear weapons. With a focus on West Germany as the primary addressee of the NPG, it will be postulated that nuclear consultation functioned and may still be seen as an essential tool to manage the credibility of US extended nuclear deterrence in the framework of NATO.     

基于CPSO算法的海空跨域无人航行器集群协同作业路径规划

针对海空跨域无人航行器集群在复杂水域环境下协同作业以追踪水下目标的任务,提出一种基于协同粒子群(CPSO)的协同作业路径规划算法.考虑不同无人航行器集群特性优势,合理分解并分配远距离追踪水下目标任务过程,并利用CPSO算法进行路径规划.在CPSO算法中,首先为无人机(UAVs)集群规划飞行路径,UAV飞行过程中探测水面...     

基于遗传算法的无人机航迹规划代价函数

针对当前使用的无人机航迹规划代价函数的不足之处,提出一种利用遗传算法对无人机航迹规划代价函数进行优化的方法。对基本遗传算法进行了局部改进,设计了航迹极坐标编码方式及航迹适应度函数,在采用基本遗传操作算子的基础上采取精英保存策略,提高了算法的效率;采用代价归一化并进行优化的思想,得到优化之后的代价函数权重值。优化结果表明,该方法可以获得代价更低的航迹。     

基于Legendre伪谱法的UGV避障路径规划

针对传统优化方法不易解决含有复杂动力学约束的路径规划问题,提出利用勒让德伪谱法(Legendre Pseudospectral Method,LPM)对地面无人驾驶器(unmanned ground vehicle,UGV)的避障路径规划进行研究。通过建立UGV的动力学模型和障碍物模型,整合了基于LPM的路径约束条件。最后应用以LPM为基础开发的MATLAB插件包DIDO,计算得出了优化路径。仿真实验中以UGV移动路径规划为例,设计实现了UGV的避障规划。仿真结果表明此方法具有较快的计算速度和准确性。     

Emulating US Counterinsurgency Doctrine: Barriers for Developing Country Forces,Evidence from Peru

ABSTRACT

Recent US advances in counterinsurgency doctrine have been adopted by developing country armed forces. Nevertheless, no systematic study has examined the barriers they face to implementing highly involved counterinsurgency strategy. Tracing the evolution of Peruvian doctrine demonstrates that Peru was able to quickly improve the unity of effort, intelligence capacity, and military basing to meet the demands of a population-centric hearts-and-minds approach to counterinsurgency. Nevertheless, the limited tactical initiative and flexibility of Peruvian forces remains a challenge. The Peruvian experience is instructive for other militaries undergoing similar transitions. However, given the diversity of insurgent conflicts, this doctrine is not universally appropriate.     

基于松弛序列凸优化的轮式机器人协同轨迹规划

针对威胁环境下的多智能体协同轨迹规划问题,以轮式机器人为对象,研究了基于序列凸优化方法的协同轨迹规划方法。首先通过对轮式机器人模型的分析,给出单独轮式机器人实际物理约束,同时以状态量、控制量加权为性能指标,考虑运动学方程、避障避碰约束、个体物理性能约束、终端约束,建立多轮式机器人协同轨迹规划问题;其次,对运动学方程、避障避碰约束进行凸化,证明了满足凸化后的避障避碰约束的解也满足原始避障避碰约束,并进行了几何直观解释;然后,将凸优化子问题进行离散化与松弛化,采用序列凸优化架构进行问题求解;最后,通过数值仿真,对比了松弛序列凸优化方法与现有非线性优化求解器的求解效率。结果表明,松弛序列凸优化方法在尽可能保证最优性的同时大大缩短了计算时间,具有一定工程意义。     

South Africa's threat environment: a guide for the National Planning Commission

Abstract

The mandate of South Africa's recently appointed National Planning Commission includes addressing ‘defence and security matters’. This article seeks to outline the central elements of the threat environment facing South Africa in the foreseeable future. It is argued that South Africa faces no meaningful existential threat from conventional military forces but that its security forces will need to be prepared to address possible raids and attacks by conventional military forces both on home soil and on vital interests beyond the nation's borders. Other threats highlighted include the threats posed by potential insurgencies, by terrorism, and by crime, social unrest and banditry. Also addressed is the danger of so-called hybrid threats, in which two or more of the single threat types outlined here are combined. Finally, the article challenges the National Planning Commission to rethink South Africa's policy on peace operations in the light of the need to ensure the safety and security of the nation's citizenry.     

联合作战目标武器弹药匹配模型

本文分析了联合作战目标—弹药匹配问题,从作战目的复杂性、武器弹药多样性、毁伤要求易变性、作战过程协同性四个方面提出了对联合作战目标—弹药匹配模型的军事需求,基于规划理论对问题进行描述并给出基本的数学模型,结合需求,对规划的目标和约束进一步细致的分析,对模型进行扩展,使其能体现联合作战的特点,方便了在不同军事上下文中有针对性地进行使用。     

定时拦截在轨拦截器机动轨道设计与优化

在满足对目标卫星在指定时间进行拦截的要求下,考虑拦截器变轨能量消耗最省,提出了基于定时拦截的在轨机动拦截轨道选择与优化方法。该方法能够迅速设计和优化出最优在轨机动拦截轨道、变轨点位置和变轨所需的能量。仿真结果表明,模型准确、有效,能够满足作战要求。     

国外任务规划系统的发展

在分析任务规划系统对现代空对地信息化作战重要性和必要性的基础上,详细阐述了国外具有代表性的先进任务规划系统的发展现状和程度,重点论述和剖析了以美国空军任务规划系统为代表的典型任务规划系统的体系结构、功能以及关键技术,旨在为我国空军、海军航空兵和陆军航空兵发展任务规划系统提供借鉴和参考.